Railway crosstie



Sept. 29, 1931. H. M. HADLEY RAILWAY CROSSTIE Filed March 11, 1930 45hereinafter, all of which-contribute to Patented Sept. 29, 1931 y .tNTED Hoi/LER RADLEY; or SEATTLE; WASHINGTON l nAiIlWAx cRoss'rIEAppncatin fried naranja/1930. y*servira No. 434,863. 4'

This invention relates to constructions in In the drawings:

which an upper member must be secured to 1 a base member' or support,and the invention is particularly adaptable to situations in 5 which thebase member is molded, for example, constructions employing lconcrete orcement in which an upper'member must be secured immovably on theconcrete.

While the invention is applicable in various situations, it isparticularly useful 'when embodied in the construction ofmolded articlessuch as concrete railwayv ties or similar articles. l Q

The general object' of therinvention is to improve constructions of thistype and to provide simple means -ior effecting a connection assuggested above without necessitating the molding of fixed bolts in themolded article, l L

v1s a -feature of my inventionand which 1s one of my purposes being toovercome the objection to such moldedr bolts that if Athey be-k comebroken they can not readily be replaced.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a constructionrwhichwill enable an attaching boltto be' readilymounted in a molded articlesuc'has a cross tie, and also to provide simple means to cooperate withthe bolt to enable it to operate effectively as a holding-down bolt. 'Y*f l y A further object of theinventionis to vproduce a molded cross tiehaving a construction which operates to reduce the amountlof materialused in the cross tie and at the same time increases the eiiciencyrofthe cross'tie when laid in a railway road-bed.- f

A further object of the invention is to provide a construction. forholding down an upper member, such as agrailroadrailf,on a'base by meansso related that any tendency ofthe held-downmember .or rail to move,increases 40 the clamping effect of holding-down means.

Further objects 0f the invention Wm ap; pear hereinafter. i Y i Theinvention consists in thepnovel kparts and combinations of l.parts to'be'. described produce an eilicient railwaycross tie'. .Y

A preferred embodiment of theinventionis described in the followingspecification, while the broad scope of thefinventionispointed 5.0 outin the appendediclaimspc- L I `Figure lis aplan ofa portion of a railwaytie embodying my invention, yone end of the tie being broken' away; thisview also shows a short portion of a railroad rail lying'on the crosstie and broken away, the web ofthe rail being shown in horizontalsection.

`l`Figure 2 is a sideelevation of the cross tie villust-rated in "Figure1 and illustrating my holding-downmeans vand its relation to the rail, aportion otwhich is shown in cross-section together with some oftheparts. A portion loi? the cross tie is shown broken away `and atoneside of the rail theholding-down means isfillustrated in side elevation.Y

Figure 3 is a vertical' cross-section through y the 4 cross tie-'takenon the line 3-3 of Figure l. Figure 4 is a perspective of a bolt whichused with a base member such as a embodying my invention.

Before proceeding to a tion ofthe invention as applied to' a crosstie,*it should be state'dfthatwhere bolts are employed embedded inconcrete or the like `for holding down upper members or structures, andwhere the situation is such that the projecting'ends of the bolts maybecome injured in shipment rorgin use, great inconvenience isencountered in removing'the bolt from the concrete. For example,concrete cross ties have been employed' in whichbolts lwere moldedpermanently'in the concrete withfprojecting studs, but it is difficult,to havethese studs -aligned with suicient acl curacy'to enable them tooperate effectively for holding' the rail base in position. It isdesirable in such a construction to have some meansk in connection withthe `fastening 'means for enabling it t0 be adapted to specialsituations; or'example, on curves where the rails are not straight andtheV edge of the rail iange may not be located exactly in its idealposition to cooperate'with a fixed fas'- tening bolt. My invention isintendedl to overcome these diiiculties' andto provide a simpleconstruction whereby a boltcan be readily appliedl inthe concretebasemember such as` a' 'cross tie after the ibase' memberV or tie hasbeenmolded. Y i' detailed descrip# The invention involves the use of asocket extending into'the molded piece from its upper face and thissocket is formed so that its axis'is disposed on a helix. The helix ispreferably of relatively high pitch and may be either left-hand orright-hand in character.

As applied toa railway cross tie, one of my purposes has been to'provide a construction such that tendencies of the rail tol move on thetie will have the effect of tightening up the grip of the fasteningdeVcenthef same' substantially rectangular cross-.section i is employed.At intermediate kpoints between thel rail seats the cross tie is formedwith heads, such as the'head 4, which are also, of rectangularcross-sectionthe same as the ends and .at the seats 3. of the tie,

In order to economize the molding 'mate rial andalso to4 give the tieimprovedquali- .ties `whenV in use in a road-bed, I provide the 4tie,yon opposite lsides with' a plurality of ,pockets Thesepockets arerelatively deep and extend into the side ofjthe tie nearly to the axisofthe tie so that at the pointe where these pockets 'are locatedthe tiehas the typical I-shaped cross-section illustrated in Figure 3.' Anysuitable reinforcing `meansv 6 may be employedinconstructing the tie; inthe present instance thereinforcing includes narrow loops 7 of wireconnecting elongated relatively heavy longitudinal bars 8 thatarelocated in the heads of the I- (see Fig.` 3).

llt-.points where the tiehasa rectangular cross-section, I employrectangular .loops9 ofr wire which extend around on the interior of thetie as illustrated in Figure 3, an-Qdpass around longitudinal cornerrods 10. of 'larger diameter j At eachrail seat 3anfd on opposite sidesof the location of. the rail 11, I provide the body of the tie with twobolt sockets 12. These sockets are formed ,so thatLt-he axis ef .thesoclzet'isd-isposed along a helix and .preferably the Lsoclret extendsall the way through to the bottom of the tie so as-toform Va bottomopening ,13 on the under side of the tie. I L

This. socket 12 emerges on the upper face of the tie to form anelongated orlell'iptical Aopening la, the longitudinal `axis of-jwhichdisposed at right ang-les tothe longitudinal Vaxis of the rail. Thisopening 14 is located so that with reference to the axis 15 of the helixit is disposed toward the center of the tie. In order to give thegreatest possible strength in the construction, it is preferably locatedtoward the center line of the tie, the socket being located to one sideof the longitudinal axis of the tie (see Fig. 1). Furthermore, 'thereisjpreferably a vcertain relation between the character ofthe helix andthe location of the opening 14, as will appear moreA clearlyhereinafter.. As illustrated in Figure 1, for example, the helix islefthand in character, so that if an object were passed into the opening14 it would move in an anticlockwise direction in passing down into thehelix.V

f In Figure 4 I illustrate a bolt 16 that I employ with this socket,This bolt has a body which is disposed in. a helix; of the same pitchand characterras the socket 12, the

upper end of thel bolt terminating in a substantially straight stud 17,which is intended to cooperate'with h0lding.down means to engage thearticle, such as a rail flange, that is to be secured to the base memberor crossl tie. This stud 17 is preferably provided with ordinaryscrewthreads to receive a nut 18.

lVhen molding the cross tie a helical mold ing form havingV the shapeillustrated in Figure 4; is embeddedy in` the molded body and just asthe material commences to set this forming member is removed by drawingit outwardly and at the same time rotating it on the axis of the helix.In this way these helical :sockets- 12 can` be readily molded in theconcrete tie.

Any suitable means may be provided to cooperate with the projecting stud17` to enable it to hold dow-n an upper member on the base'member `or.cross tie.

In the present instance, in order to hold down, the flange 1 -9 oftherail, I provide a washer 0r lug 20 to cooperate with each projectingstud'. Each washer 4has a nose 21 to project over the edge .of the railtlange and formed to fit to the same, and furthermore, each lug ispreferably formed with an elon 'gated opening such as a slot 22l thatfits to the side of the sit-.ud 17. In order to back up. the lugand'held it against the edge of the ange, Ijpnefer to employ one or moresh-ims of crescent shape, vsuch as illustrated atfthe shim 23 in Figurel. A. similar' shim 24k is'illustrated in .F igune 2 and shown incross-sectiou- If @the -openings, fsueh as the opening 14, are locatednear-.the longitudinal axis of the tie, I prefer to useza of lefthandcharacter.

In fastening :the rail down onto the tie, it is put in place im aposition on thevrail seat 3 andthebolts lzare screwed down into theirsockets. 12, andthelugs. and' nuts 1S .applied .as indicated.Referringtov Figure l, it will be .euidient when. the parts are inplace, if there any tendency ofthe fao raam

railtoI shift toward the ileft, thereby exert-J inglpres'sure on the lug2O (see Fig 2) tending to displace the lug toward'the left, this willcause thel shim 2ljto pressagainst the inner side taceof the stud 17;`lThis tends to rotate the boltl ina directionjto carry it further downinto the helicalsocket and this will increase the pressure'of the nut 18on the upper face or the lug. Furthermore, if Ithere is'any tendency ofthe railr flange to lift, this will produce an'upward pressure on theside of the nut 18, and this tends to pull the bolt out oi' its socket.Pullingthe bolt out of the socket, however, tends to produce" a'movementof the stud 17 towardthe rail, and this increases the gripping power "ofthe nose of thedog ontheedge of the vrail ange. l y j f `When thetie Iisin use inthe road-bed of the track, the ballast 25 extends into thepockets, 5, vand this gives a considerable weightl of ballast exertingits weight on'the bottom faces 26 of the pockets, thereby holding theytie more securely in the road-bed`.-

` Fur-thermore,` if there is any tendency o the 'tie to rock laterallyon its longitudinal axis, this rocking movementis lconsiderably resistedby the facesv 26 and also by thev upper faces 27 that form the upperwalls ofthe' pockets. vThis form of cross-section orthetietherefore'holds thetie very rigidlyin they Vroad-bed v and;effectively resists any p'umping action oi' the tie 'which' might occurby lthe :passing over of heavy rolling stock.

ltwill befevident that when there is an upward. pull on thestuds 17,there might b e' a tendency torthe concrete yto'chipoli? or break nearthe point Where the helix emerges from the helical socket, For thisreason itis preferable" to provide reinforcements such as indicated'bythereinforcing wires 28.

-These Wiresare in the form of long links, the upper end of each linkforming a lloop 29 around the helical socket near its upper end. nTheseremforcmg'links extend 1n a diagonal direction, crossing each otherunder the middle of the railseatpas indicated in Figures 1and2. c 1t isunderstood that the embodiment of the invention described herein is onlyone of the many embodiments this invention may take, and I do not wishto be limited in the practice of the invention, nor in the claims, tothe particular embodiment set forth.

TWhat l claim is:

1. A railway cross-tie consisting of an elongated molded body having aplurality of pockets formed in the side acesthereof to receive ballastwhen the tie is laid in the roadbed, said cross-tie having a pluralityof sockets formed in the upper face thereof and extending down into theinterior of the tie, the

'axes of said sockets-being disposed in a helix,

and bolts having helical bodies screwed into the sa id sockets, saidbolts each havinga stud at its upper endiprojectingsubstantiallyvertically tocoopeate'with' means for engaging the railflange.'rv Y 'f i' 2. A railway'cross-'tie consisting of an elongatedmolded'- body having av Vpluralityv of pockets formed in the side facesthereof to receive ballast Whenthe tie is laidV in the roadbed, saidcross-tie having a plurality of sock-` ets vformed in the upperface'thereof and extendingdown into the interior of the tie, the axes ofsaid sockets Ybeing disposed in a helix,

rail-*holding bolts having helical bodies screwed into the saidfVsockets, said bolts each having a stud at its upper end proJectingsubstantially vertically, to cooperate with in a helix and emerging onthe upper'face of thetieat said seat to form an opening in l the upperface of the tie located toward the s ide'of the tiewithreference'to theaxis of thehelix, 'viande a bolt/received in the socket having a'helicalbody adapted tof'be'screwed {into thehelix through: the said opening,said bolt having a threadedstud at its upper end, a nut received on saidstud, and clamping means on thestudiunder ythe'nut'for engaging theflange of the rail. 4. A railway' cross-ti elongatedl concrete body`with 'a rail seat 'formed thereon toward each'lend'of the tie, saidbody at said rail seat having a bolt-socket extending 'down r'withits'axis' disposed in a helix and emerging on the y-upper face of thetie at said seat toform` anl opening in the upper face ofthe tie locatedtoward the side of the tie with reference to'the axis ofthe helix, and abolt received Iin the socket having a helical body adapted to be screwedintothe helix through the said opening, said l efconsisting of an bolthavinga threaded stud at its upper end,

anut received on said stud, and clamping means on thestud under the nutfor engaging the flange of the rail, said opening and said helix beingso-related that when the bolt is substantially' seated the stud will bemoving around the axis of the helix away from the middle portion of therail seat.

5. A railway cross-tie consisting ofLan1 elongated, concrete body withav rail seat l iormedfthereon toward each end of thetie,

said bodyat salidz'rail seatjhaving aj bolt socket extending downl intothe ,same, the axis of said socket being disposedinta-lhelix andemerging eetl-.1e upper-fared the. tie gto dorm anoponing locatedtoweidftzheeide of the tie with reference to the axis of theohelig andjaboltheving e belieellbody reee-ivedin the .Seid socket through the saidopeuing, .Said -bolt having va threaded etudat its upper end, .a nutlreoeived'on said stud., .and a holdingfdownlug -IteCeVod ou the studundertjhe mit having a nose yto projectoren the .flange of thezrail-,16. A railway, -cross-.tie .consisting of .an elongated Conor-etek.body with e' railv seat iormed thereon toward each end o Vthe tie,Said body at said rail seat yhaving a 4loolt socket extendingdown intothesarne., the axis of. said soeket being' disposed in ahelx andemerging on the upper .faeeof .the tie to forni ah, opening looatedtowardthe. side of the tie with reference-Lto .the axis of the helix,and a .bolt having a helical .body received in the .saidY soolret.through the said opening, said bolt having a Vthreaded stud ,at itsupper end,

mit received @Il said stud, and a holdingdown lug received on thestudnnder vthe nut having a lnose to proj ect over the fla-nge of therail, said lilgdhavin-g an .eloI-igated.opening .therein toreeeivge.thee-tud .anda shim loeated in the opening between the stud and the endof the rsaid opening to back-up thelig against theiedgefof the railflange.,

7. A .railway cross-'tie kConsisting .of an elongated; molded body witha rail Seat lorrned thereon toward eaohenld of Y.the tie., Said body.atsaid/,r-al Seat .havine'fja bolt socket-extending. down into thelsaine.,'said i socket having its exile disposed in obelix-and emergingon the' upper fece oaf the tie at said seat." 55g A railway .orossetieconsisting of an elongated moldedbod7 with a rail seat formedthereon-toward each end` of the tie, said body at. :saidrail seatfhavingla bolt socket extend'ngxdown into the same, Seid socket having its axisvdisposed in, a helix and emerging ontheufpper face of the tie at. saidseat, anda .bol-t having L-llelieal Abody received in the said. ,socketand havin-g .e threadedstud at its .upperend projecting up ronithe upperfece o iffthetieg; i

9. A moldedfmember having a .socket extending into the same through itslface, said socket having itslaxis disposed in av helix, `and a )bolthaving a hel-iea-l bodyreeeived in thesaid socket sand having asubstantially straight extension at -its :outer end projecting :from thesaid .face to cooperate with holdingdow-nmeans, l v. i.

l0.. Av .railway @ross-tie yconsisting of an 4elonga.tedmoldedbodyhaving a plurality-of ll. A yroilrwey .cross-tie of enelongated body with rail sea-te, formed of .reinforced Concrete having esolistential ree- -tang-ular erosseeotion .et :its ends, at. the railsea-ts and at e plurelity .of points located between the `rai-l Seats,@and llaYing a plnrglity of pockets formed on .theside faoes .thereof tolrfoeive ballast when the teis leid inthe roade v12- A railwayc-.rossftie eonSisti-ug of en elongated molded body with .e rail seatformed thereon toward each end of the tie, Said .body et `seid .railSeat .having :a bolt socket extending .down into the same., .Sai-.d

socket having its axis disposed in .-3, helix and f emerging on theupper .feeeof the tie at said seat, and reinforcing means embedded .inthe cross-tie and reinforcing the saidsocket near its point-o emergendo.on vthe upper face of the Cross-tie..

113.- A; railway emes-tie consisting of en elongated molded .body with.a rail .seat formed .thereon toward each `enolfof the tief Saidbodya-.t said reilfsemt lievi-nge boltsoeket extending .down .into theVSame, .Sa-id socket having its arie .disposed yirre helixand emerging.ontheupper fece of 'the .tie .at Sai-deeat., a bolt having a.threaded-studet itsV vupper end -proj-eetiugup from the upper feoe ofthe tie,

-andreinforeeg inermel in. .the form of e link embedded in. the erossfteand having a loop .extending over the upper portion of the heli- @elbody of Zthe bolt djaoent lthe stud.

14.., railway cross-:tie Consisting .of an elongated molded body havinga .plurality of poelrets formed iu theeide faces thereof., Said pocketsoperating toreoeive bal-last' when the tie. .is leid. Yin the roedebed,the idees .oif seid pockets cooperating with the. .le2rl/lest-1toy holdthe. :tie the .position in which it vis leid the .ir-foadfbed, seid.cross-tie vleaving: a pair of Socke-.ts `separated .fromeaeh other on aLine inclined .to theaxfis of the tie end 'located re.- .spect-ivel-yadjacent eaoh end of .the tie, to reooi-ve fasteners loeatedrespectively on opposides-oithe rail when leiden ithetie.

.Signed at. .Los Angeles., rGaliforexia, this 21st Yday of February,1980.

M. RADLEY.

pockets formed inthe sidefaees thereof Yto receive bal-Last when lthe:tie .is Ylaid in the. road- Ebed, ysaid crossrtie having a plurality ofsockets formed inthe upper face thereoffand YeXtending*down :into vtheinterior of .the tie, the axes .of said sockets being disposed in a.llfifghpimhuhgljjx .i y

